Sunday, May 15, 2016

Knowledge and crisis management

Book  "Crisis management-information strategies and Internet platforms"

The actuality of the book „Crisis management- information strategies and Internet platforms „is determined by the need to achieve improved stability, rapid response in time of crisis and efficiency in the provision of information in the real time. These needs are driven by the changed social environment and conditions in connection with the processes of globalization, the emergence of global risks and threats, and the emergence of new technologies as part of the information society. This applies especially to the reliable protection of citizens' lives and prevention of various dangers in the occurrence of critical and emergency situations. The issues in the case should be dealt with according to the specifics of the various systems and subsystems of crisis management and their characteristics in rapidly changing of information realities.
Focus of the study: Analysis of the information vacuum in the first hours after the onset of risk and crisis and the use of advanced Internet and other "smart" computer technologies and application software to curb the deficit of information, providing quality data to control the situation, informing the citizens, to increase the potential for survival and limiting the negative factors influencing the situation. 

Friday, November 03, 2006

Communication knowledge management

Summary
New book,2006

Strategic communications and knowledge management


Roussi Marinov,Ph.D.
Associate professor of Information Science,
A Member of International Association of Business Communicators





In this book we are developing new information platforms for communication problems solving using modern knowledge approaches.
One the most remarkable things that increase productivity and efficiency of institutions is the knowledge, communication and content management.
Knowledge and content management is a communications strategic tools in the new information age. If we want to have more effective and coordinated communications in ours companies we must develop a new communication techniques for managing and synchronizing information flows within and out of organization. The communication content must be related to organization mission, strategic vision and goals, CEO decisions making process, and professional competence of the employees.
Knowledge Management seeks to make the best use of the knowledge that is available to an organization, creating new knowledge in the process. According WWW Virtual Library on Knowledge Management
“KM refers to the critical issues of organizational adaptation, survival, and competence in face of increasingly discontinuous environmental change. Essentially, it embodies organizational processes that seek synergistic combination of data and information processing capacity of information technologies, and the creative and innovative capacity of human beings."
These strategic instruments and initiatives are also corresponding with knowledge representations and ontology management in the institutions. From another point of view ontology media is a most powerful technological and semantic platform, which help modern organizations to achieve their strategic objectives.
Experts argue that information is a flow of messages, while knowledge is created by that very flow of information anchored in the beliefs and commitments of its holder.
Organizational knowledge is frequently categorized into typologies. For example, Nonaka and Takeuchi (1995) identify tacit and explicit knowledge; Choo (1998) sees three different types of knowledge (tacit, explicit, and cultural); and Boisot (1998) describes four types (personal, proprietary, public knowledge and common sense).
Tacit knowledge seems to be the primary concern of KM writers and has been a great deal of discussion in the literature about its nature. Tacit knowledge is defined as action-based, entrained in practice, and therefore cannot be easily explained or described, but is considered to be the fundamental type of knowledge on which organizational knowledge is built. For Michael Polanyi, tacit knowledge cannot be expressed because "we know more than we can tell". Polanyi’s epistemology objectified the cognitive component of knowledge learning and doing – by labelling it tacit knowledge and for the most part removing it from the public view. Learning and doing became a 'black box' that was not really subject to management, the best that could be done was to make tacit knowledge explicit.
Its failure to provide any theoretical understanding of how organisations learn new things and how they act on this information meant that first generation Knowledge Management was incapable of managing knowledge creation. Therefore we cannot articulate what we know with words because we are not fully conscious of all the knowledge we possess. It resides and remains in the human mind. Nonaka and Takeuchi argue, tacit knowledge can be transmitted through social interactions or socialization, and made explicit through externalization-although they agree with the idea that tacit knowledge is somewhat hidden. These very different perspectives are a reflection of different backgrounds.
The others subject of the book is also describing: e- learning and interactive system using for managing contemporary network institutions.

The book contents the following parts:
Strategic communication approaches;
Leadership communications;
Communication management;
Knowledge management;
Integrating ontology e-learning system.

Tuesday, June 20, 2006

Crisis management

Crisis management, issued by New bulgarian univetsity, 1999.

By Roussi Marinov,Ph.D.
Lecturer of Crisis and Communication management
A member of International associations of business communicators/IABC/



In his book devoted to crisis and risk communications, Roussi Marinov, Dr. Sc. discusses a direction which is new for Bulgaria and Europe called “crisis management”. In this book - “Crisis Management” we set ourselves the goal to analyze the phenomenon “crisis” and the approaches to its management. More particular, we discuss the problems of organizing, establishing, and carrying out communications in conflict, emergency and crisis situations. We analyze the world, European and Bulgarian experience in this respect. Of course, we are far from saying that we can encompass all the complex problems in a book. We rather try to provoke a certain way of thinking and to generate some new ideas in this complicated area known as crisis management.

Talking about communications in risk and crisis we have in mind their present state and the trends for their development. At the moment the possibilities of modern computer and communications technologies are actively used to provide communications to each person and, what is more, in such a way that the messages can be understood and interpreted correctly by the people. The goal is to present a full information picture of the events, based on facts. We suggest an open expert model for management of crisis situations, based on the multimedia technologies. The expert scheme, which was developed, can be continuously improved and included in the Internet, Intranet and the national computer networks.

In a great number of cases the management of a crisis, which has arisen in a certain institution, is connected with the skill to analyze, predict and manage the legal risk. The goal, in the long run, is to resolve the numerous legal problems which arise in situations of sharp conflict and crisis.

The book consists of three basis parts and appendices with several practical programs used to manage communications in crisis and risk situations. Several tables and approaches have been added for the research of communication situations in Bulgaria and Europe.

The title of the parts are as follows:

“Chapter 1” “Characteristic Features and Management of a Crisis Situation”;

“Chapter 2” “Interactive Technologies in Crisis Communications” and

“Chapter” 3 “Legal Aspects of Crisis

During the last years the term “ crisis” has been widely used and became an integral part of society vocabulary, especially in our society, but also in some of the western countries, and it is used for characterization of different conditions. However, there is hardly anyone who thinks over the meaning of crisis and what is there behind this expression.

The term “crisis” has occurred at first in medicine, and later on in psychology for designating the critical processes in the human body or the psychological state of the personality. During 17th and 18th century the expression “crisis” began to be used for defining of some economic, social and other processes, such as those connected with the natural phenomena and disasters caused by them.

So the term is not synonymous. And is often used inaccurately. The analyses carried out show that in three of four cases when it is used by our politicians, economists-practitioners, etc. a number of perplexities are caused. Moreover, that the crisis management as technology has occurred in the middle of 90’s and the specialists who practise and specialize in this field are quite few in the world.

The concept “crisis”, in the common sense, is a concept with negative connotation, but one should know that every crisis has positive aspects and it develops in several periods-before the crisis, during the crisis and after the crisis and it is a succession of phases. This is a moment when new values and norms arise. In a time of crisis people cannot act effectively together, but they become receptive of new methods of action and styles of behaviour.

Usually, in periods of crisis new ways of thinking or modern technologies enter society and clash with the old arrangement, old-fashioned views and ideologies. It is known that you can’t make something new without destroying something old. When the new is imposed, conflicts arise, which activate the players on the social scene. In moment of crisis it is spoken of before Crisis State only in one retrospection, but namely the state before crisis and the finding out of the crisis symptoms are extremely important.

We speak about crisis in society, but so that it can arise the prerequisites have been built up for dozens of years. The period before the crisis can last alone for 5-6 years and more, which shows that most of the processes are carried out in dark.

The individuals, who experience the crisis on themselves, could see only a little surface layer, what is more, this layer is not the same for all the individuals. People see what they would like to see. That’s why, especially in time of crisis, the often become victims of their illusions and fictions.

For the explorers of the crisis this is an interesting period, not only of destruction, but primarily of creation. It cannot be controlled, but can be effectively managed..

The crisis gives a favourable opportunity for an individual program for strengthening the role of the personality,it’s liability and action.The survival in times of crises depends on the activity of the creative individuals and minorities.

The crisis has a basic characteristic,it brings the decisions to two categorical possibilities-development or collapse of the normal activity of the system.

The competent actions in emergency situations require specific organizations of the information activity and communications, which most often are assigned by a single centers that people’s efforts won’t be divided in two and they won’t be hesitant.If allowed the society or the social groups to receive distorted and repressive information,that may threaten their health and life.

For example, during the earthquake in Strazhitza on 7 December 1986 44% of the people, living in the region,have informed themselves about the event from rumours,i.e. from an unreliable source of information.

In the case of the Chernobyl accident the share of these people reaches 90% and more. The consequences are: distorted attitude and opinion,which exist even nowdays.And here arises one of the most important problems.Although our society has perfect specialists in disasters and emergency situations,and very good doctors,who have carried out many interesting and qualitative studies in all these spheres,part of thisinformation or90% of it doesn’t reach the people.But in a risky situation,caused by a certain disaster,the decisions are usually very simple and elementary.

I will give you immediately an example with one of the biggest industrial accident in the Indian town of Bhopal in 1984,when more than 200 thousand people had been affected by poisonous gas.The decision had been very simple-the people should have only known to cover their respiratory organs with a wet or damp handkerchief or gauze,but they hadn’t known that..

The basic moments of the implications of the communications in the of crisis are the following:the polisy and the communication situation should be deeply analyzed-the specialists call it also “analysis of the communication field”-at the moment of crisis ocurance and the human influence should be taken into consideration, as the personalities,drawn in the crisis,react to the situation in a different way.

Next trend-the care for people’s health and life has primary importance and it is very important from communication point of view not to be allowed the creation of psychosis or avalance of rumours.

The next trend is -candidness, honesty and liability of the institution,carrying out the communication with all the participants in the process,but that is possible if trust is preliminary built up on the side of different communities, if the media and the process connected with it are fully included and atrue dialogue between all purposeful audiences and the society as a whole is built up.For this purpose,the achievments in the communication and computer technologies,so that new channel information be obtained and high level of information be achieved..

Besides this,one modern means is the building up of electronic engineering vilages,wich enable,ofr example,groups,training children,to dive their missiles over the corresponding village and to choose definite site to enter, of course,in virtual reality.

In the process of of organizing of this activity for protection of the individuals from varios risks we have in mind the whole characteristic of man,all his spheres.Here are included the health sphere,the phychic sphere,the values’ sphere,the mental,social and concious spheres.The institutions itself,wich implements the communications,builds up an own internal communication and information network.

For us the critical situation is any situation suffered by an individual person, group, community, system, nature as a whole,and their survival depends of their capabilities to adapt to the realities ad their creative response to the challenges.

The outlet of the situations varies from lethal one to survival of the individual, whereas the survival is considered a creative process and depends on the intellectual potential ad the intellectual capabilities if the individual himself. That is each critical situation is looked upon as a risky, conflict situation and respectively a highly indefinite one. Speaking of the crisis, we look upon things in a broader sense, I.e., you can imagine two poles: the psychic crisis is one pole, while a crisis in the galaxy is on the other pole, i.e. the extent of the resources allocated by a country from its own budget for protection against an asteroid attack, for example, fantastic as it is the phenomenon of the effective communication. How shall our messages reach the audiences, the publics. In our opinion, training covers five stages:

The first stage covers the information given to the people.

The second stage refers to the gaining of knowledge, so the information is more profound.

The third stage refers to obtaining of understanding.

The fourth stage is related to the action.

That is, 200 million persons get the information about emergencies and protection against them, on the other pole are 1 000 people which can actually proceed to action. And a typical example is the Kobe in January 1995 (although the Japanese training system for protection against earthquake was the most effective and comprehensive one) after the earthquake in Kobe the whole population, the urban population fell into collapse, fell into panic. The Government was paralyzed. All activities were paralyzed.

This example shows that the problems are much more complicated that hat you can imagine. They are rather sociological and communication problems, and the latter cover a very large area.

Communication strategies

New Bulgarian University
Communication strategies
by Roussi Marinov, Ph.D.
M’s Program" Communication management"



This book analyses the phenomenon strategy and, in particular, studies the structure, nature, characteristics, and approaches to communications strategies formulation. The concepts strategy is extremely popular and has come deeply into the public’s set of concepts. It is used for various purposes. For example, we can refer to the following combinations- economic strategy, political, financial, organizational, environmental, energy, military, personality, management strategy. In most case, however, this concept is inadequately used or does not correspondent to the context and the author himself does not add a more serious and thorough meaning to its use. Here we try to define the term strategy from various viewpoint focusing our attention, however, on the communications aspects of the strategy, especially the strategy used in modern communications oriented structures.

The main aim of each strategy is to have significant supply of intellectual, technological and information energy concentrated on a certain place/ organization, institution or community/ and then have this energy spread in all possible directions as to neutralizing the weaker energy symbol fields, especially those trying to oppose the organization. As a result, the changes of the others counteract to the institution are reduced to minimum.

The strategy is underlain by the knowledge – not the specific object-oriented one, but the overall comprehensive knowledge. Presently, the knowledge of the knowledge itself and the information about the information available appear to turn into strategic resources. Such orientation type provide full and thorough estimation of the events and a parallel prediction as to how the would develop in the near future within certain limits, however, defined by territory, resources and potential.

Strategists often operate with fine structure and deal with analysis of almost indefinable phenomena requiring subtlety, non-standard approach and great deal of imagination. There are two basic strategic orientations- one connected with manipulating the surrounding world, concealing the intents and actions as purpose is to derive maximal benefits, and second one relating to the full opening to the external world and to oneself so that the others are almost always fascinated with our actions and often, as a result of this full straightforwardness, do not believe us.

The strategy is a dynamic mixture of intuition, imagination, fantasy, energy, knowledge, ability to get into the processes, insights and improved capabilities of thorough situation analysis. The strategy is getting into the nature of the things, adequate behavior and realizing the prospective benefits set by situation for the main purpose of gaining any advantages in the future. The strategy is also a positive, energy condition of the mind and the integral part of the success and victory.

Modern communications strategies are synchronized with the specific and trends related to the technologies and the new virtual organizational structures witch are full of discords. There are fluid, virtually semantic, fragmentary, sometimes illogical and eccentric.

This book is intended for students attending the New Bulgarian University’s Master’s Programs in Communication Management, Mass Communications. This book may be useful to experts and specialist in the field of media, communication management, public relations, crisis, risk and conflict management.

The book consists of three basis parts and appendices with several practical analysis and programs used to manage strategies communications. Several tables and approaches have been added for the research of communications aspects of strategy situations in Bulgaria, Europe and the others countries of the world.

The title of the parts are as follows:

Chapter 1- “Strategic thinking- models, principal, philosophy;

Chapter 2- “Models of communication strategies” ;

Chapter 3- “Communications strategies and PR”

Conclusion, bibliography, supplements.



For more information:


rroussi@netscape.net